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Writer's pictureEsa Aalto

What is Sport Psychology?

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Sport Psychology Supports Performance and Health


Sport psychology is a specialized field of psychology whose central task is to support athletes' well-being and performance in challenging and competitive environments.


Sport psychology encompasses two primary professional foci: educational and clinical.


In short, the educational focus primarily involves teaching psychological skills and working with a performance and preventive focus. In contrast, the clinical focus is more centered around mental health issues and working with a health and treatment focus. Professionals in the field of sport psychology can have a background that covers both educational and clinical aspects, allowing them to address a broad spectrum of needs.


However, it is essential to note that this is not always the case and that the clinical practice has specific legal requirements and professionals must be properly licensed. Thus, the case may be that the main focus is only on performance enhancement, especially in Europe. Always find out the professional’s qualifications and the ethical and legal focus of their services.


Sport Psychology Develops Performance

The central task of sport psychology is to help athletes understand how psychosocial factors affect their well-being, performance, and environment. A further task is to then assist them in developing these psychosocial skills to enhance their performance.


Sport psychology plays a pivotal role in gaining a competitive edge and sustaining peak performance among athletes, especially at elite levels. When an athlete pushes their physical limits, the mind can often become the limiting factor. This underscores the essential nature of psychological preparation for excelling in elite competitions. Sport psychology equips athletes with the psychological training and skills needed to maintain focus under pressure and control their actions in the face of uncertainty, strengthening their ability to perform at their best.


Professionals in sport psychology achieve these goals through various means, which vary according to the individual situation and needs.

The most common approach is to work with athletes to develop their psychological techniques and skills, such as self-talk, self-confidence, and performance routines. Such meetings focus on enhancing athletes' skills, which can lead to improved performance and well-being.


We can compare this way of working with a sport psychology professional to the training in other areas, such as technical or physical training, and thus the basic process is already familiar to athletes, even if sport psychology is new to them. Of course, the work itself is quite different, as it is more mental than physical. This can take athletes who are beginning their psychological training to an uncomfortable zone and create a new performance challenge for them.


If athletes embrace this challenge with enthusiasm and an open mind, the athlete already possesses an important psychological quality that can help them to fulfill their potential.


Sport Psychology Supports Athlete Mental Health

While performance approach is the most common, sport psychology is not limited only to training athletes, as another significant part of sport psychology professionals' work is to support athletes' well-being and mental health.


This does not only involve addressing mental health issues (only appropriate when properly licensed) but also supporting daily mental well-being, which is a crucial resource for athletes’ performance as well as an important part of their health. Mental health helps us cope with everyday challenges, maintain positive relationships, and contribute to our community, as well as support our sport performance.


Moreover, sport psychology provides invaluable support in helping athletes prepare and navigate the lows and challenges that come with an athletic career. Setbacks, injuries, and performance plateaus are part of the journey, and sport psychology professionals work with athletes to build resilience, develop coping strategies, and maintain psychological well-being during tough times.


This preventive work is similar to the work done to improve performance directly, and the two outcomes can share the same processes. In this regard, while working with athletes, we can develop various skills or engage in discussions about current stressors or challenges in life, while seeking new perspectives on them.


Sport Psychology Possesses Broader Potential in Organizations

Sport psychology can also be applied in a broader way within sport organizations, addressing developmental, social, and organizational challenges. For example, sport psychology can provide additional perspectives for coaches to improve team communication and collaboration, leading to better on-field performances or contributing psychological knowledge to the athlete development process in the club.


Read more about how organizations can utilize sport psychology beyond athlete support in the related article below.

Beginning of the journey on the waves

 

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